[frazell]

A proper reply will take a long time so if this isn't long I might have run out of time and will return, at your request, to expand upon any wear areas for you.

There are two widely supported E-Mail Access standards and I'll give a light overview of each one.
POP3 = Post Office Protocol Version 3.0
-Designed for single computer use
-Any email downloaded would (by default) be deleted from the server upon downloading to the computer/phone/etc.

IMAP = Internet Message Access Protocol
-Designed for the modern multiple computer/device world
-Access across all devices are "synced" so you have a consistent experience on all devices.

If you want access to your E-Mail on both your cell phone and your computer you should setup your Outlook as well as your Phone to access GoDaddy's servers via IMAP (if supported).

There is no need to switch to GMail (which I wouldn't trust with any real information) or any other email provider as long as GoDaddy supports IMAP.