No, GPS uses satellites not cell data. That being said, the way we're setting this up (and the reason it gets such good locks) is because we enable the Assisted-GPS which uses the data to help locate you nearly instantly. In order to avoid data charges while in the states you should turn data off completely, the problem is that it takes forever to get a GPS signal without the data, if at all.
Summary:
No Data for 'pure' GPS.
No signal for 'pure' GPS
