[gTen]

Most of the time you would soft brick not hard brick, Odin would allow you to restore your phone 99% of the time...

Clockworkmod = flash roms via recovery (no pc involved)
Odin = This is what Samsung uses to flash phones with (pc involved)
ADB = Allows PC to control your phone
Root = Give you access to modify the file system

Just out of curiosity..what exactly did you not understand about the wiki? based on the feedback I'll see what I can do about making a guide.