Re: iphone safari vs. opera mini, pie, etc
Safari is based on WebKit, which is an Apple created web browser framework. It's not necessarily better because of that (though in practice, it probably is), but on your example, the iPhone browser's user agent tells Gmail that it is an iPhone and therefore to give it the iPhone optimized user interface. Google could make a UI optimized for, say, touch screen smartphones, but my guess is they couldn't be bothered.
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